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| - Last Updated on January 7, 2025 by Dr Priyamvada
Quick Take
A social media post claims that HMPV is causing a new pandemic similar to COVID-19 in China. Our fact check finds this claim to be mostly false.
The Claim
We received a viral video on our WhatsApp tip line number +91-85078 85079.
According to the viral Instagram post, a new virus called HMPV is spreading rapidly in China, causing overcrowded hospitals and high demand for beds. The post labels HMPV as “COVID 2.0” and warns of a potential lockdown due to a new pandemic.
Fact Check
What is HMPV, and is it a new virus?
No, HMPV is not a new virus. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first discovered in 2001 in the Netherlands. It belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and typically causes respiratory illnesses. These illnesses range from mild cold-like symptoms to more severe conditions like bronchiolitis or pneumonia, especially in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals (people with weak immune system).
HMPV has been circulating worldwide for decades and is not a newly emerging pathogen. As of now, the World Health Organization (WHO) has not issued an official statement specifically addressing the current state of HMPV cases in China.
Is HMPV causing a pandemic in China?
Not really. There is no evidence of HMPV causing a pandemic in China or anywhere else. While respiratory viruses, including HMPV, can lead to seasonal outbreaks, they do not spread as widely or severely as COVID-19.
The overcrowded hospitals in China shown in the viral video are likely due to seasonal respiratory infections, which are common during winter months. However, there is no data or credible evidence linking these events to an HMPV-driven pandemic.
On a similar note, we have debunked a claim that alleged a new mystery virus was spreading from China around the world.
Can HMPV lead to lockdowns like COVID-19?
No, HMPV is not likely to cause widespread outbreaks or require drastic measures like lockdowns. Unlike COVID-19, which spread quickly and caused serious illness worldwide, HMPV is a well-known virus with clear seasonal patterns. It spreads slowly and usually causes mild illness. While it’s unlikely to lead to a pandemic like COVID-19, it could still be a concern if not properly managed.
Preventive measures like good hygiene, wearing masks, and avoiding crowded spaces can reduce the risk of HMPV and other respiratory infections. However, lockdowns are not necessary for controlling HMPV.
How does HMPV spread, and what causes it?
HMPV spreads like other respiratory viruses, such as the flu or RSV. It is transmitted through:
- Respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- Close contact with an infected person.
- Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, mouth, or eyes.
The virus thrives in colder months, with cases peaking during winter and early spring. Overcrowded spaces and poor ventilation increase the risk of transmission.
Are there HMPV cases in India?
Yes, HMPV cases have been reported in India, but they are not a cause for concern. As of 7 January 2025, only seven cases have been recorded. Experts, including Health Minister JP Nadda, have assured the public that HMPV is not a new virus and there is no need to panic. The virus has been around for decades, and most people already have some immunity to it.
Dr Randeep Guleria, former AIIMS Director and Chairman at Medanta Gurugram, explained that HMPV is not a new virus and usually causes mild illness. While it’s generally self-limiting, it can lead to pneumonia in infants, the elderly, or those with other health issues, causing breathing problems and hospitalisation. He advised symptomatic treatment, staying hydrated, and avoiding crowded places to prevent the spread.
Dr Soumya Swaminathan, former Chief Scientist at the World Health Organisation, reassured the public about Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) on Monday. She explained that the virus is not new and typically causes mild respiratory infections. In a post on X, she said, “#HMPV is nothing to panic about. It’s a known virus that causes mostly mild respiratory infections.”
HMPV cases tend to rise in winter as it spreads more easily in cold weather. While it can cause respiratory infections, especially in young children, older adults, and those with weak immune systems, it has never caused major outbreaks or public health emergencies in India. The situation is being closely monitored, and there is no reason to worry.
Is there a need to panic in India?
No, there’s no need to panic. HMPV is not a new virus, and its effects are well-understood. While it can cause mild respiratory issues, severe cases are rare and usually affect vulnerable individuals. The Union Health Secretary reviewed the situation after reports from China and confirmed there is no unusual rise in cases in India. States have been advised to strengthen monitoring and raise awareness about simple precautions like handwashing, wearing masks in crowded places, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
The government reassured the public that India is well-prepared to handle any respiratory concerns. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV does not have the potential to cause a pandemic or require lockdowns. Keeping good hygiene and taking basic precautions can help reduce the risk of infection.
Similarly, a recent outbreak of Dinga Dinga disease in Uganda led to the spread of panic and misinformation, such as the claim that Dinga Dinga disease is nothing but a demonic oppression.
THIP Media Take
The claim that HMPV is causing a new pandemic similar to COVID-19 in China is mostly false. While HMPV is a recognised respiratory virus, it has been known for over two decades and does not have the characteristics of a pandemic-causing virus. The overcrowded hospitals in China are more likely linked to seasonal respiratory infections, not a new viral outbreak.
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