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| - Last Updated on January 22, 2025 by Dr Priyamvada
Quick Take
A social media post claims that inflammation is the root cause of every mental health disorder. After careful fact-checking, we found this claim to be mostly false.
The Claim
An Instagram post suggests that cortisol triggers inflammation, which is the root cause of all mental health disorders. It also suggests that dietary changes can manage cortisol levels and “heal” mental health conditions.
Fact Check
Does cortisol always cause inflammation?
No, cortisol does not always cause inflammation. Cortisol, often called the “stress hormone,” is produced by the adrenal glands. It helps regulate stress, blood sugar, and the immune system. Interestingly, cortisol has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
When cortisol spikes temporarily (as during acute stress), it can reduce inflammation. However, chronic stress can disrupt cortisol levels, potentially increasing inflammation over time. Scientific evidence supports this nuanced role, but it’s inaccurate to claim cortisol always “causes” inflammation.
Is inflammation the root cause of all mental health disorders?
No, inflammation is not the root cause of all mental health disorders. Some studies link inflammation to certain conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. However, mental health disorders arise from a mix of factors, including:
- Biological: Neurotransmitter imbalances, genetics, and hormones.
- Psychological: Trauma, stress, and thought patterns.
- Social: Environment, support systems, and culture.
For example, anxiety disorders often stem from overactivity in brain circuits, while OCD has strong genetic and neurological links. Oversimplifying these complex conditions as solely inflammation-driven is misleading.
We reached out to Dr Roma Kumar, Senior Consultant Psychologist at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital & Max Hospital, New Delhi, to get an expert opinion on inflammation and mental health. She says, “Inflammation isn’t the cause of all mental health disorders. While it can contribute to conditions like depression or anxiety, mental health issues are usually caused by a mix of factors, including genetics, life experiences, and brain chemistry. Other factors like stress, trauma, and imbalances in brain chemicals also play a big role. Effective treatment involves addressing all of these factors, not just focusing on inflammation.”
Can nutrition alone effectively treat mental health conditions?
No, nutrition alone cannot treat mental health conditions. While diet influences mental health, it’s not a substitute for treatments like therapy or medication. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and antioxidants can support mental well-being but work best as part of a broader treatment plan.
The claim that managing inflammation through diet can ‘heal’ conditions like ADHD or OCD does not have scientific evidence. It could also delay necessary medical treatment, making symptoms worse. There are also false claims that sugar in babies’ brains causes ADHD.
For expert insights, we spoke with Dr Swati Dave, PhD in Food and Nutrition, to explore whether diet can treat mental health conditions. She explains, “Nutrition is an important part of supporting mental health, as certain nutrients like omega-3s, B vitamins, and antioxidants can positively influence brain function and mood. However, it is not a standalone solution. Mental health conditions are complex and often require a combination of approaches, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. While a well-balanced diet can complement these treatments, it’s essential to seek personalised care from healthcare professionals for effective management.”
Interestingly, oral and mental health are also closely interlinked, further emphasising the need for a holistic approach to overall well-being.
Is inflammation a significant factor in mental health?
Yes, inflammation is a factor—but not the only one—in mental health. Research shows that some people with depression or other conditions have elevated levels of inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP) or cytokines. This supports the “inflammatory hypothesis of depression,” suggesting inflammation may play a role in certain cases.
However, not everyone with mental health disorders has inflammation, and not everyone with inflammation develops mental health issues. It’s one piece of a much larger puzzle.
Does reducing inflammation improve mental health?
It depends on the individual and the condition. For some, reducing inflammation may help relieve symptoms. Strategies like eating anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, nuts, and fatty fish), exercising regularly, and managing stress through yoga or meditation can be beneficial.
But these lifestyle changes should complement, not replace, medical treatments. A holistic approach specific to an individual’s needs is key.
THIP Media Take
The claim that inflammation is the root cause of every mental health disorder is mostly false. While inflammation may contribute to some conditions, it’s not the universal cause. Mental health disorders involve biological, psychological, and social factors. Effective treatment often requires a combination of approaches, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle adjustments—not just dietary changes.
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