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| - In August 2024, a familiar claim about the origin of "tag" as the name of a very popular children's chasing game was repeated in an X post:
This origin story has enjoyed such internet popularity over the years that it prompted us to go on an etymological expedition to assess its accuracy. We found it was not only baseless, but contradicts what scholars actually know about the history of the word.
It's hard to imagine a simpler, more generic game than tag, the children's pastime in which one player, designated as "it," chases other players and tries to touch ("tag") one of them to make one of them "it," and so on ad infinitum.
In fact, with its many variations (including freeze tag, last tag, blind man's bluff, and "duck, duck, goose"), tag is probably one of the oldest, most ubiquitous children's games in existence (a variant is even mentioned in ancient Greek poetry written 500 years before the birth of Christ).
We found it curious, then, when internet memes began turning up in mid-2018 (and ever since) promoting the assertion that the name of the game, "tag," originated as the acronym of the English-language phrase "touch and go."
It was couched, as trivia offerings so often are, in the form of a tidbit of knowledge so intuitively obvious that one ought to be embarrassed to have never heard of it:
(@JennODonnell / X)
Fortunately, this was not our first go-round with folk etymology. Some years ago, Snopes was asked to look into the claim that the word "news" is an acronym derived from any number of strung-together phrases, the two most popular being "north, east, west, and south," and "notable events, weather, and sports."
By looking at what etymologists actually had to say about the derivation of the word, we learned that neither explanation of the origin of the word "news" is authentic. In point of fact, "news" originated as a French word, "nouvelles," which in turn started out as the Latin word "nova."
The imaginative faux histories deployed to support such claims usually evaporate under scrutiny. There are so many examples of this phenomenon that someone coined a clever nickname for it: "backronym," defined by the Oxford Dictionaries blog as "an acronym deliberately created to suit a particular word or words, either to create a memorable name, or as a fanciful explanation of a word's origin."
Thus, we weren't surprised to find that not a single dictionary we checked traced the origin of the word "tag," as used to denote the children's game, to an acronym. Noting that its first recorded use in that exact sense occurred in 1738, Merriam-Webster says the origin of "tag" is unknown. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) says the word originated in the mid-18th century and is "perhaps a variant of tig." As to the origin of "tig," OED tells us it came into common use in the early 18th century and is "perhaps a variant of the verb tick."
As speculative as these etymological connections are, with the word "tick" we find ourselves on what at least feels like solid ground. This is OED again:
Origin
Middle English (as a verb in the sense 'pat, touch'): probably of Germanic origin and related to Dutch tik (noun), tikken (verb) 'pat, touch'. The noun was recorded in late Middle English as 'a light tap'; current senses date from the late 17th century.
As it turns out, "tick," "tig," "tag," and "touch" are all names that have been given to the children's game in English down through the centuries. Writing for the British Library, folklorist and social historian Steve Roud had this to say about "chasing games" and their names:
It is impossible to verify, but it's a pretty safe bet that children the world over have always chased each other for fun, and that in most societies they have turned this into the simplest of all chasing games which we call — depending where you come from — 'tig', 'tag', 'tick', 'it', 'he', or 'touch'. One child chases the others trying to touch them; whoever s/he touches becomes, temporarily, 'it' and is now the chaser until s/he touches another. The game, and the name 'Tick', go back at least to the early seventeenth century, when they first enter the written record in Britain.
"The Modern Playmate, a Book of Games, Sports and Diversions," published in England in 1875, refers exclusively to this pastime as "tig":
Tig.
This is the simplest of all games. Out of a number of players one goes "Tig," and tries to catch and touch any of the others indifferently; the player so touched becomes tig in his trun until he touches some one else. The player touched cannot touch back until he has first chased another player.
And though it isn't conclusive, existing evidence does suggest that the game most of the English-speaking world now knows as "tag" was better known in earlier times by variants of a word such as "tig" (and still is, in some regions), which contradicts the assertion that the name originated as an acronym of "touch and go." In any case, no reputable sources cite the acronym as its origin.
All that having been said, we do find published instances going back at least a hundred years wherein tag is at least associated with the phrase "touch and go." Here, for example, is a poem published in 1912 that makes reference to "a playing tag, Touch and go":
In the same vein, a sprightly piece of piano music called "A Game of Tag," published in 1902, includes the explanatory note: "Touch and go. Good for all kinds of running games."
Yet neither of these sources asserts that tag stands for "touch and go." What the examples indicate is that the phrase "touch and go" has been used as a description of the activity called "tag," not that it was the acronymic source of the name.
For the final word on the subject, we refer you to this tweet from the editors of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, who are better placed than most of the rest of us to know:
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