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| - French lawmakers on Tuesday backed a wide-ranging bill that includes a plan to enshrine environmental protection in the constitution, proposed by a citizen's body set up by President Emmanuel Macron last year. Macron, who is seeking the upper hand in what could be a key issue in next year's elections, has promised a referendum on the bill if it gains approval in both houses of parliament. The proposals came from a Citizen's Convention on Climate set up to respond to demands by "yellow vest" anti-government protesters for greater direct democracy. The delegates came up with 149 proposals, including altering the first article of the constitution, which sets out the founding principles of the French republic. The government has suggested adding a clause stating that France "guarantees environmental protection and biological diversity, and combats climate change". In Tuesday's vote in the National Assembly, where Macron has a majority, 391 deputies voted in favour of the revision, 47 against and 115 abstained. The bill now faces a tougher fight in the Senate, where the rightwing Republicans hold the majority. Opponents on the right fear a constitutional clause would discourage private enterprise and have called to replace the word "guarantees" with less restrictive phrasing. Far-right leader Marine Le Pen, whom polls show as the biggest threat to Macron in next year's vote, denounced the proposed clause as "political posturing" while presenting her own environmental plan last week. Leftwing parties and NGOs also accused the president of trying to score a PR victory. They pushed unsuccessfully for a principle of "non-regression" that would prohibit any softening of environmental laws. Under French law, a referendum can be submitted to a vote only if it is approved in identical wording by both houses of parliament. The Senate is set to take up the issue in May, and the government is hoping to organise a referendum for September. But the vote could prove risky for Macron if voters use it to express broader discontent with the president's leadership. The last referendum in France was in 2005, when voters were asked to back the creation of a European constitution, which was rejected in a humiliating defeat for president Jacques Chirac. reb/js-jh/
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