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rdf:type	schema:NewsArticle
schema:articleBody	After Human Rights Watch formally accused Israel of committing the crime of "apartheid" against Palestinians, we look at the legal definitions of the hotly disputed term. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation enshrined in law in South Africa and what is now Namibia from 1948 onwards to institutionalise white supremacy. With laws covering almost every aspect of life from work, marriage, education, housing and travel, it ensured the complete domination of the minority white populations over everyone else. Its racial laws created a complex system of social classification based on skin colour, with whites at the top enjoying the highest status and privileges and blacks at the bottom. One of the most hated aspects of the laws -- which were not repealed until 1991 -- were the "pass laws", which placed severe restrictions on the movement of black people. The UN began labelling apartheid as a crime against humanity in 1966. But it was not until 1973 that it formally declared it to be criminal with the Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. The convention, which came into operation three years later, was intended not just to deal with South Africa but with similar discrimination elsewhere. However, it has never had its own court -- though one was discussed in 1980 -- and leaves it to states to prosecute on the basis of universal law. No country -- not even South Africa -- has ever been charged with the crime of apartheid under it. In 2002 the International Criminal Court defined the crime of apartheid in its Rome Statue, which has since been furiously contested by Israel. It says it is a crime against humanity "committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other... committed with the intention of maintaining that regime." It has yet to charge any individual or state with the crime. Amnesty International accused Myanmar of apartheid in its treatment of its Rohingya minority in 2017. It said the Rohingyas were kept "segregated and cowed in a dehumanising system of apartheid... trapped in a vicious system of state-sponsored, institutionalised discrimination." The following year the UN called for Myanmar's top generals to be prosecuted for genocide over the 2017 massacres of the Muslim minority. fg-eab/mjs
schema:headline	Israel: What is the crime of apartheid?
schema:mentions	Human Rights Watch Amnesty International Apartheid Namibia Racial segregation International Criminal Court Genocide Rohingya people White supremacy Palestinians Court Myanmar Israel United Nations Muslims Racial policy of Nazi Germany Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
schema:author	http://data.cimple.eu/organization/1f0054d541e000623a2c1e561a247c073ef6328e8be9ffafda7b3fcd
schema:datePublished	2021-04-27 (xsd:date)
http://data.cimple...sPoliticalLeaning	other political leaning
http://data.cimple...logy#hasSentiment	neutral sentiment
http://data.cimple...readability_score	71 (xsd:integer)
http://data.cimple...tology#hasEmotion	anger

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