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| - Key dates in the history of Yemen, which on May 22 marks the 30th anniversary of its unification. The division of Yemen dates back to the British occupation of the southern province of Aden in 1839. At the time, the rest of what is now Yemen was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1918, upon the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, North Yemen becomes an independent kingdom, run by imams from the Zaidi sect of Shiite Islam. In 1962, Arab nationalists aided by Egypt seize power in the north, which becomes the Yemen Arab Republic. A six-year-long civil war ensues. In 1967, after a bitter war, Britain grants independence to what becomes the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen -- South Yemen -- under the influence of the Soviet Union. In 1978, after a period of instability, including border clashes between the two Yemens, Ali Abdullah Saleh comes to power in the north. In 1979, open war breaks out between the two Yemens. In 1986, South Yemen is the scene of fierce clashes during a coup. The North remains neutral. In 1990, the collapse of the Soviet Union leaves South Yemen severely weakened. After a further period of conflict, the two states are merged, with the north's Saleh as president and Sanaa as the capital. Four years later, separatists launch a rebellion. The conflict between north and south from May to July 1994 is won by Saleh's troops. Under pressure from the Gulf monarchies, Saleh agrees in November 2011 to hand over power after 11 months of popular demonstrations against his iron-fisted rule in exchange for immunity from prosecution. As he steps down in February 2012, his deputy and only candidate Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi is elected. Rebels from Yemen's Shiite Huthi minority, believing themselves sidelined in the uprising, launch an offensive in 2014 and push towards Sanaa from their northern stronghold, aiming to expand a hoped-for autonomy within a future federation. In September 2014, they storm the capital and seize the government headquarters, state radio and military sites. The rebels, of the Zaidi minority and backed by Shiite Iran, forge an alliance with forces loyal to Saleh, a former foe who cracked down on them while president. By January 2015 the rebels and their allies have also taken control of the presidential palace. Hadi flees to the second city Aden, which he later declares the "provisional capital". In March 2015, a Saudi-led Sunni Arab coalition launches operation "Decisive Storm" with air strikes on the rebels to defend Hadi and his internationally recognised government. As the rebels advance south towards Aden, Hadi flees to Riyadh. In July, the government announces the liberation of Aden province, in the first success for loyalist forces backed by the coalition. From June to December 2018, violent clashes take place between government and rebel forces for the western port city of Hodeida. From January 2020, fighting escalates and is concentrated in the provinces of Al-Jawf and Maarib. In January 2018, separatists who want the return of the independent South Yemen occupy the presidential palace in Aden until Saudi and Emirati forces intervene. In August 2019, separatists in Aden from the United Arab Emirates-trained Security Belt force clash with unionist troops backed by Riyadh. In November, a power-sharing accord is signed in Riyadh between the two parties, but is never implemented. On April 26, 2020, the separatists declare self-governance for the south and the accord with the government crumbles. acm/jmy/eab/sw/fz
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