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| - Last Updated on November 25, 2024 by Dr Priyamvada
Quick Take
A social media post claims that fluoride toothpaste lowers IQ and damages cells. Our fact check says this claim is mostly false.
The Claim
According to an Instagram post, fluoride in toothpaste is toxic, can lower IQ, and damage cells.
Fact Check
Does fluoride in toothpaste cause harm to cells?
No, fluoride in toothpaste does not harm cells when used appropriately.
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral known for strengthening tooth enamel and preventing cavities. In toothpaste, the fluoride content is strictly regulated and deemed safe for daily use. Research on fluoride-related cellular damage usually involves excessive levels far beyond those found in toothpaste. While prolonged exposure to extremely high doses of fluoride can lead to fluorosis, this condition is rare and typically occurs in regions with excessive natural fluoride in water.
For topical use, such as in toothpaste, fluoride exposure to the body is minimal because it is not swallowed. Most of it is rinsed or spat out, limiting systemic absorption. Regulatory bodies like the NHS and the World Health Organization (WHO) confirm that fluoride is safe at recommended levels.
Claims that fluoride harms the brain or lowers IQ lack solid evidence. Studies linking high fluoride levels to lower IQ often overlook other factors like arsenic, mercury, or socioeconomic conditions. Fluoride at normal levels, as found in toothpaste and drinking water, does not easily reach the brain and is not harmful. Toxic effects on brain cells occur only at extremely high doses, far beyond typical exposure. Additionally, concerns about aluminium-fluoride compounds suggest that aluminium, not fluoride, may be the primary cause of toxicity. Fluoride is not harmful when used as directed.
Can fluoride lower IQ as claimed?
Not really. The claim about fluoride lowering IQ comes from limited studies with significant methodological issues.
Research linking fluoride to reduced IQ mostly involves high fluoride concentrations in drinking water, not toothpaste. A few studies conducted in regions like China and India with naturally elevated fluoride levels in water have shown potential links to reduced cognitive function. However, these studies often fail to account for other factors such as malnutrition, socioeconomic status, or exposure to environmental toxins like lead, which also affect IQ.
When fluoride is used in controlled amounts, as in toothpaste or fluoridated water, there’s no credible evidence it impacts intelligence.
We interviewed Dr Sanjeev Bhankhur, BDS, MPH, AIIMS, New Delhi, for his perspective on whether fluoride lowers IQ. He says, “The idea that fluoride in toothpaste affects IQ is a misunderstanding of the science. The studies suggesting such links often involve areas with extremely high natural fluoride levels in water, not the controlled doses in toothpaste. Normal fluoride exposure doesn’t cross into the brain easily, and there’s no evidence it affects cognitive development. It’s important to focus on the proven benefits of fluoride for dental health rather than fear unsupported claims.”
Is fluoride toxic in toothpaste?
No, fluoride in toothpaste is not toxic when used as intended.
“Toxicity” depends on the dose. Almost anything can be toxic in excess, even water or vitamins. Fluoride in toothpaste is present in small amounts, typically around 1,000–1,500 ppm (parts per million), which is far below harmful levels. Swallowing large quantities of toothpaste could potentially cause stomach discomfort, but this is unlikely unless consumed in excessive amounts.
Fluoride toxicity primarily becomes a concern when significantly high doses are ingested, such as industrial exposure or accidents. This is why children’s toothpaste has reduced fluoride content and warnings to supervise brushing. For adults and proper use, fluoride in toothpaste is safe and effective for dental health.
We reached out to Dr Snigdha, BDS, MDS, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, for her expert opinion on the safety of fluoride. She says, “Fluoride in toothpaste is not just safe but essential for preventing tooth decay. It works by strengthening tooth enamel and reversing early signs of damage. The fluoride levels in toothpaste are carefully regulated to ensure they’re effective and harmless when used as directed. Spitting it out after brushing ensures minimal absorption, making it a safe and vital part of oral hygiene.”
THIP Media Take
The claim that fluoride toothpaste lowers IQ and damages cells is mostly false and lacks strong scientific backing. Fluoride remains an essential tool in dental health, protecting against cavities and strengthening teeth when used at recommended levels.
Fluoride’s safety profile is backed by decades of research and endorsement from global health authorities. Using fluoride toothpaste correctly offers significant benefits and poses no risks to IQ or cell health.
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